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Hungarian geographical bulletinVol. 68. No. 4. (2019.)

Tartalom

Articles

  • Marina Frolova ,
    Csaba Centeri ,
    Karl Benediktsson ,
    Marcel Hunziker ,
    Robert Kabai ,
    Alessandra Scognamiglio ,
    Georgios Martinopoulos ,
    Georgia Sismani ,
    Paulo Brito ,
    Emilio Muñoz-Cerón ,
    Mateusz Słupiński ,
    Michela Ghislanzoni ,
    Dominik Braunschweiger ,
    Daniel Herrero-Luque ,
    Michael Roth :

    Abstract: Landscape quality has become a fundamental issue in the development of renewable energy (henceforth abbreviated RE) projects. Rapid technological advances in RE production and distribution, coupled with changing policy frameworks, bring specific challenges during planning in order to avoid degradation of landscape quality. The current work provides a comprehensive review on RE landscapes and the impacts of RE systems on landscape for most European countries. It is based on a review by an interdisciplinary international team of experts of empirical research findings on landscape impacts of RE from thirty-seven countries that have participated in the COST Action TU1401 Renewable Energy and Landscape Quality (RELY).

    Keywords: landscape impacts, renewable energy, energy transition, landscape quality

  • Csilla Király ,
    György Falus ,
    Fruzsina Gresina ,
    Gergely Jakab ,
    Zoltán Szalai ,
    György Varga :

    Abstract: Particle size and shape are among the most important properties of sedimentary deposits. Objective and robust determination of granulometric features of sediments is a challenging problem, and has been standingin the focal point of sedimentary studies for many decades. In this study, we provide an overview of a new analytical approach to characterize particles from thin sections of sandstones by using 2D automated optical static image analysis. The analysed samples are originated from the turbiditic Lower Pannonian (Upper Miocene) sediments of Szolnok Formation. Sandstone samples were analysed from 1,500 to 2,250 m depth range. According to the previous studies: the detrital components are quartz, muscovite, dolomite, K-feldspar and plagioclase. Diagenetic minerals are mostly carbonates (calcite, Fe-dolomite, ankerite, siderite), clay minerals (illite, kaolinite), ankerite, siderite and kaolinite. As the discussed Szolnok Formation is considered as a potential CO2 storage system (to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentration), special attention has to be paid on grain size and shape alteration evaluation, since pore water-rock interactions affected by CO2 injection may cause changes in particle properties. The primarily aim of the present study was to develop a method for effective characterization of the particle size and shape of sandstones from thin sections. We have applied a Malvern Morphologi G3SE-ID automated optical static image analyser device, what is completed with a Raman spectrometer. Via the combined analysis of granulometry and chemical characterization, it was obvious that there were specific relationships among various grain shape parameters (e.g., circularity values correlate to width and length ratios, as well as to convexity) and the results indicated that based simply on particle shapes, muscovites can be effectively separated from other minerals. Quartz and feldspar grains showed the highest variability in shapes as these are detrital ones, and sometimes arrived as lithic fragments from which other parts were dissolved The size and shape of carbonate minerals depends highly on the original pore size and shape because these minerals are mainly diagenetic. The shape of detrital dolomites depends on diagenetic ankerite, as it replaces the rim of dolomites.

    Keywords: grain size; grain shape; sandstone; image analysis; pore water-rock interaction

  • Zoltán Zsolt Fehér ,
    János Rakonczai :

    Abstract: One of the undoubtedly recognizable consequences of the ongoing climate change in Hungary is the permanent change of groundwater depth, and consequently the sustainably reachable local water resources. These processes trigger remarkable changes in soil and vegetation. Thus, in research of sensitivity of any specific landscape to the varying climatic factors, monitoring and continuous evaluation of the water resources is inevitable. The presented spatiotemporal geostatistical cosimulation framework is capable to identify rearrangements of the subsurface water resources through water resource observations. Application of the Markov 2-type coregionalization model is based on the assumption, that presumably only slight changes have to be handled between two consecutive time instants, hence current parameter set can be estimated based on the spatial structures of prior and current dataset and previously identified parameters. Moreover, the algorithm is capable to take into consideration the significance of the geomorphologic settings on the subsurface water flow. Trends in water resource changes are appropriate indicators of certain areas climate sensitivity. The method is also suitable in determination of the main cause of the extraordinary groundwater discharges, like the one, observed from the beginning of the 1980’s in the Danube–Tisza Interfluve in Hungary.

    Keywords: climate change, shallow groundwater, spatiotemporal sequential Gaussian cosimulation, Markov 2-type coregionalization

  • Vladan Hruška ,
    Jan Píša :

    Abstract: Retreat from socialism at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s conditioned significant social, economic and environmental changes for former socialist countries. Transformation from the centrally planned economy under the authoritative regime to market economy and democratic system re-structured also economies of rural areas. As a result, the conversion to capitalism constructed successful rural localities enjoying growing wealth whereas, on the other hand, other rural localities struggle with high unemployment, low incomes and following emigration of qualified people. This paper, on the example of rural space in Czechia, analyses time-spatial development of number of jobs on local level and reveals main factors which have been constructing economically successful and unsuccessful rural localities in the post-socialist period. Based on this, six model responses to post-socialist economic rural restructuring are identified: globally integrated service-oriented, entrepreneurial, industrialised, post-productivist, deindustrialised and post-mining and energy-producing rural localities.

    Keywords: post-socialism, economy, restructuring, rural, Czechia

  • Gergely Marton ,
    Mátyás Hinek ,
    Róbert Kiss ,
    János Csapó :
    Measuring seasonality at the major spa towns of Hungary391-403en [947.86 kB - PDF]EPA-02541-00044-0050

    Abstract: One of the leading tourism products of Hungary is health tourism, where the certain supply segments are influenced by seasonality in different scales. The primary aim of our paper is to survey the seasonality of the 9 spas with the greatest turnover in Hungary with the help of the Gini index. Our research intends to provide an actual picture about the exact measure of seasonality in the highlighted spas of Hungary, due to the overall actuality of the problem and also because no such relevant quantitative research has been dealing with this issue in Hungary yet. The objective reason why these spas were chosen and surveyed is because first of all they are mono profile health tourism centres, where tourists are visiting the settlement exclusively because of the spas, and on the other hand the visitor turnover of the mentioned settlements are significantly higher than the following Hungarian spa towns. We believe that the more we understand seasonality the more we can face with its challenges concerning tourism development. For our seasonality analysis we used the commercial accommodation statistics of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office and to estimate the Gini index we applied the monthly dataset of the guest nights.

    Keywords: measuring seasonality, Gini index, health tourism, spa towns, Hungary

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