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Magyar Nyelvőr144. évf. 3. sz. (2020. július-szeptember)

Tartalom

A nyelvtudomány műhelyéből

  • Szili Katalin :

    The paper tries to clarify some terminological, content-related, formal, and classificational issues related to two concepts pertaining to the aspectual characteristics of verbs, Aktionsart vs. situational/lexical aspect. The discussion focuses on the narrower category of the two, Aktionsarts; in particular, on problems and paradoxes of their classification. The idea is to integrate Aktionsarts into lexical aspect, a concept better suited to the determination of the aspectual properties of verbs. The new classification differentiates between Smith’s derived aspects, the iterative, frequentative, durative/diminutive, and delimitative aspects, and the kinds of Aktionsarts expressed by prefixed accomplishment and achievement verbs. Such integration of Aktionsarts into the category of lexical aspect is underpinned by the following arguments: the individual types of Aktionsarts do not fully comply with the criteria of being an Aktionsart; their taxonomy is mainly based on semantic considerations, rather than on their aspectual properties; and the dividing line often drawn between the roles of preverbs in word formation and in forming Aktionsarts is a non-existent one.

    lexical aspect, aspectual classes, Aktionsart, derived aspect, telicity

  • Kuna Ágnes :

    In the research on, and description of, doctor–patient communication, the notion of change occurs increasingly and at multiple levels. This paper has a double purpose with respect to the study of such change. It presents the historical evolution of research on doctor–patient communication in the modern age, its major stages, and current trends in both theory and methodology. Especially heavy emphasis is laid on the role of the linguistic approach that has significantly altered the research on doctor–patient communication, and has a major impact on it even today. Another main aim of the paper is to study the process of change at the microlevel, in a pragmatic perspective. Accordingly, it points out certain social and communicative aspects of the changes via a concrete analysis of actual doctor–patient interactions.

    doctor–patient communication, linguistics and medical communication, functional pragmatics, change, language strategies

  • Csárdás László Bence :
    Szavak gyakoriságának szubjektív megítélése gyermekkorban304-317 [702.10 kB - PDF]EPA-00188-00100-0030

    One of the basic factors of language comprehension is the relationship between the listener’s or the reader’s mental lexicon and the vocabulary of the linguistic input. The activation of the elements stored in the mental lexicon, however, greatly varies across individuals. The present research focuses on the subjective word frequency judgements of children between 10 and 14 years of age. 50 children were asked to make frequency judgements (using Likert-scale) on 45 words. The words represent different parts of speech and both suffixed forms and stems were included. Our results show that (i) word frequency judgements depend on age and (ii) are closely linked to the morphological structure and meaning of the word. However, in the case of certain words, frequency judgements seem to be ambiguous. The age-specific lexical indices can contribute to better understanding the processing of the mental lexicon of children between 10 and 14.

    mental lexicon, word frequency, lexical access, language comprehension, readibility

  • Ludányi Zsófia :

    The paper deals with language counselling, a type of organized language management, in the framework of Language Management Theory. The first part introduces institutions of language counselling in some European countries. Next, the situation in and around Hungary is presented in detail, including the work of institutions offering Hungarian language services in surrounding countries. The second part of the paper describes language counselling carried out in the Research Institute of Linguistics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences: in addition to a summary of its past and present, some plans for the future are also sketched.

    Language Management Theory, organized language management, language counselling, language cultivation

Nyelv és iskola

  • Jánk István :

    The aim of my research was to explore, and prove the existence of, linguistic discrimination. It was implemented by a method I had developed, and involved more than 500 Hungarian teachers and teacher trainees. The research clearly supported the fact that linguistic discrimination and linguistic bias are widespread in pedagogical evaluation. This paper presents my findings on linguistic bias, constituting one part of the overall research.

    linguistic bias, linguistic disadvantages, pedagogical evaluation, Hungarian teachers

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